![]() ![]() Most stainless steels have good toughness at room temperature, however, as temperature decreases the ferritic structure becomes progressively more brittle, making ferritic stainless steels unsuitable for use at cryogenic temperatures. ![]() Toughness - the ability of a material to absorb energy without breaking - is essential in many engineering applications. They are readily weldable in both thick and thin sections. Unlike ferritic alloys, they are not prone to brittleness as a result of high-temperature grain growth and the welds have excellent bend and impact properties. In general, nickel austenitic alloys are better for welding than other alloys, with Types 304 and 316 being the most widely-fabricated stainless steels in the world. Many pieces of stainless steel equipment are fabricated by welding. Their excellent formability has led to 300-series austenitic alloys being widely used for items such as kitchen sinks and cooking pots. ![]() Unlike low-nickel, high-manganese alloys, these alloys are not prone to delayed cold cracking. A slightly higher nickel content further increases the stability of the austenite and reduces the work-hardening tendency, increasing suitability for deep drawing. The common 18% chromium/ 8% nickel Type 304 in particular shows good stretch-forming characteristics. The austenitic structure provides stainless steels with good ductility and formability. ![]()
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